{"id":64,"date":"2023-06-21T15:56:18","date_gmt":"2023-06-21T13:56:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/bodysciencejourney.ujep.cz\/?page_id=64"},"modified":"2023-07-02T21:34:07","modified_gmt":"2023-07-02T19:34:07","slug":"genetika","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/bodysciencejourney.ujep.cz\/index.php\/genetika\/","title":{"rendered":"Genetika"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\"><strong>Model DNA<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Na jak\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky m\u016f\u017eeme hledat odpov\u011b\u010f?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jak vypad\u00e1 DNA? Jak je v n\u00ed &#8222;zak\u00f3dov\u00e1n&#8220; \u017eivot?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Co pot\u0159ebujeme?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>M\u011bkk\u00e9 bonbony ve \u010dty\u0159ech r\u016fzn\u00fdch barv\u00e1ch! Nap\u0159\u00edklad gumov\u00ed medv\u00eddci, \u017ev\u00fdka\u010dkov\u00e9 kapky \u010di mini marshmallows (10 kus\u016f od ka\u017ed\u00e9 barvy)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pendreky, nejl\u00e9pe tzv. Twizzlers (na jeden \u00fasek 2 kusy, m\u016f\u017eeme vyu\u017e\u00edt i obdobn\u00e9 bonbony<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>P\u00e1r\u00e1tka<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pap\u00edrov\u00e9 str\u00e1nky<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tu\u017eka (nebo fix)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pap\u00edrov\u00e9 \u00fat\u011brky<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Videon\u00e1vod: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=dC9uuHoIgXk\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=dC9uuHoIgXk<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Pozn. Ujist\u011bte se, \u017ee m\u00e1te alespo\u0148 10 kus\u016f od ka\u017ed\u00e9 ze 4 barev, kter\u00e9 budete pou\u017e\u00edvat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>P\u0159ed zah\u00e1jen\u00edm je t\u0159eba o\u010distit pracovn\u00ed plochu, \u010di pracovat na pap\u00edrov\u00fdch ut\u011brk\u00e1ch, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edt gumov\u00e9 rukavice. Rozt\u0159i\u010fte bonb\u00f3ny podle barev. D\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 je \u017e\u00e1k\u016fm vysv\u011btlit, co to je DNA a \u010d\u00edm je tvo\u0159ena. Upozor\u0148ujeme na skute\u010dnost, \u017ee na\u0161e DNA m\u00e1 d\u00e9lku asi 3 miliardy p\u00e1r\u016f, tak\u017ee dan\u00e1 modelovan\u00e1 DNA bude p\u0159edstavovat pouze mal\u00fd kousek DNA &#8211; ne celou sekvenci.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Postup<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol type=\"1\">\n<li>Rozt\u0159i\u010fte 4 barvy bonb\u00f3n\u016f do samostatn\u00fdch hrom\u00e1dek (misek). Pot\u00e9 p\u0159i\u0159a\u010fte ka\u017ed\u00fd z nich k ur\u010dit\u00e9mu nukleotidu. Tyto 4 nukleotidy spolu s cukry a fosf\u00e1ty tvo\u0159\u00ed v\u00e1\u0161 model dvojit\u00e9 \u0161roubovice cukrov\u00e9 DNA.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Doporu\u010dujeme ke ka\u017ed\u00e9 hrom\u00e1dce p\u0159i\u0159adit cedulku s&nbsp;n\u00e1zev nukleotidu, kter\u00fd prezentuje: Adenin; Thymin; Cytosin; Guanin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul>\n<li>Vezm\u011bte p\u00e1r\u00e1tka a vytvo\u0159te p\u00e1ry bonb\u00f3n\u016f (,a jedno p\u00e1r\u00e1tku budou v\u017edy dva bonb\u00f3ny). Mysleme na to, \u017ee Adenin a Tymin jsou v\u017edy v&nbsp;p\u00e1ru a z\u00e1rove\u0148 Cytosin a Guanin jsou v\u017edy v p\u00e1ru.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Jednotliv\u00e9 p\u00e1ry postupn\u011b upev\u0148ujte mezi dva \u201ependreky\u201c. M\u016f\u017eeme si vybrat libovolnou posloupnost p\u00e1r\u016f b\u00e1z\u00ed. Lze vytv\u00e1\u0159et nekone\u010dn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed kombinac\u00ed, ale stejn\u00e9 p\u00e1ry nukleotid\u016f se mus\u00ed dr\u017eet pohromad\u011b.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pendreky (Twizzlers) v&nbsp;r\u00e1mci na\u0161eho modelu DNA d\u00e1vaj\u00ed dvojit\u00e9 \u0161roubovici specifick\u00fd tvar. Dr\u017e\u00ed tak\u00e9 pohromad\u011b nukleotidy A, T, C, G.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Zdroj: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencebuddies.org\/stem-activities\/candy-DNA-model#summary\">https:\/\/www.sciencebuddies.org\/stem-activities\/candy-DNA-model#summary<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-thumbnail\"><img decoding=\"async\" loading=\"lazy\" width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"http:\/\/bodysciencejourney.ujep.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/07\/DNA-150x150.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-170\"\/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>TIP:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>DNA lze i vytvo\u0159it jako origami, video n\u00e1vod v\u010detn\u011b podklad\u016f k\u00a0vyti\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed naleznete zde: <strong><a href=\"https:\/\/www.yourgenome.org\/activities\/origami-dna\/\">https:\/\/www.yourgenome.org\/activities\/origami-dna\/<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Dal\u0161\u00ed mo\u017enosti vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed modelu DNA zde:<a href=\"https:\/\/fvhe.vfu.cz\/files\/2013-dna-vyrobek.pdf\">https:\/\/fvhe.vfu.cz\/files\/2013-dna-vyrobek.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jak lze doma \u201eizolovat\u201c z&nbsp;bun\u011bk ve slin\u00e1ch svou vlastn\u00ed DNA: <a href=\"https:\/\/vida.cz\/blog\/dna\">https:\/\/vida.cz\/blog\/dna<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Model DNA Na jak\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky m\u016f\u017eeme hledat odpov\u011b\u010f? Jak vypad\u00e1 DNA? Jak je v n\u00ed &#8222;zak\u00f3dov\u00e1n&#8220; \u017eivot? Co pot\u0159ebujeme? Pozn. Ujist\u011bte se, \u017ee m\u00e1te alespo\u0148 10 kus\u016f od ka\u017ed\u00e9 ze 4 barev, kter\u00e9 budete pou\u017e\u00edvat. P\u0159ed zah\u00e1jen\u00edm je t\u0159eba o\u010distit pracovn\u00ed plochu, \u010di pracovat na pap\u00edrov\u00fdch ut\u011brk\u00e1ch, p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edt gumov\u00e9&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"categories":[12],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bodysciencejourney.ujep.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/64"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bodysciencejourney.ujep.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bodysciencejourney.ujep.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bodysciencejourney.ujep.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bodysciencejourney.ujep.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=64"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/bodysciencejourney.ujep.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/64\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":171,"href":"https:\/\/bodysciencejourney.ujep.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/64\/revisions\/171"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bodysciencejourney.ujep.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=64"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bodysciencejourney.ujep.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=64"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bodysciencejourney.ujep.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=64"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}